What you should know about the HPV vaccine
At a glance
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that 85 percent of people will have at some point
- Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV infection
- The HPV vaccine protects against HPV infections that cause cancer
Twenty years ago, a vaccine to prevent certain types of cancer did not exist. But in 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced to protect against HPV infections that cause cancer.
Because almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV infection, the number of cases in the U.S. has decreased dramatically thanks to the vaccine. In fact, a study of nearly 1.7 million women — conducted from 2006-2017 — showed a 90 percent reduction in cervical cancer occurrence in those vaccinated before age 17.
What is HPV?
HPV is a common virus with more than 100 different strains. It’s so common that 85 percent of the population will have it at some point in their lives. Most of the time you don’t know you have it, as it usually goes away on its own. While HPV is most commonly spread as a sexually transmitted infection, other strains of HPV result in warts on the hands and feet.
Cervical cancer prevention
The strains of HPV that cause cervical cancer may take 15 to 20 years to develop, so it’s especially important to stay current on screening tests that can detect cancer in its earliest stages. These tests check for abnormal cervical cells that can lead to cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer screening is recommended starting between ages 21 and 25. This test, commonly referred to as a Pap smear or Pap test, can include cervical cytology testing and HPV testing. With normal test results, you may not need another screening for three to five years. Discuss with your doctor or other health care provider the best schedule for your individual circumstances.
Signs of cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is most common in women ages 35 to 44. Early-stage cervical cancer often does not cause symptoms. Cancer in more advanced stages may cause unusual bleeding or discharge between periods or after sex, pain during sex or pelvic pain.
When should you get the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccine not only prevents cervical cancer, but also protects against cancers of the throat, anus or genitals in both men and women. Because of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends boys and girls between 9 and 11 receive two doses of the HPV vaccine six to 12 months apart. Teens and young adults — ages 15 to 26 — need three doses of the vaccine.
The immune system develops a stronger response to the HPV vaccine when it’s given at a younger age. Getting vaccinated before becoming sexually active is also beneficial.
However, you may still be eligible to receive the vaccine as late as your mid-40s. Even though you’ve likely been exposed to HPV at this point, it could protect you from other strains you don’t have. If you fall outside the primary age range for the vaccine, talk with your provider about your risk of new HPV infection and potential benefits of the vaccine.
“I am grateful that medical research and technology is making such advancements as the HPV vaccine,” says Justine Bucknam, ARNP, with MultiCare Regional Cancer Center – Tacoma. “It is not very often that we find interventions to concretely prevent cancer. The HPV vaccine provides hope that we will continue to move toward a more cancer-free future for our children and grandchildren.”
For more detailed information on vaccine recommendations, visit the CDC website.
Schedule an appointment today for a screening or HPV vaccine with your gynecologist or primary care provider, or with a pediatrician if it’s for your child.
