Sarcoma

Sometimes tumors can develop in the bones or the soft tissues of the body. Many times, these tumors are benign. Cancer that develops in these areas is called sarcoma. Sarcoma is a rare condition that can affect both children and adults.

Bone sarcoma. Bone sarcoma, also known as primary bone cancer, originates in the bone. The three most common types of bone sarcoma are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.

Cancer that starts elsewhere in the body (such as the breast, liver, thyroid, kidney or prostate) and travels to the bone is more common than primary bone sarcoma.

Soft tissue sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas develop in the tissues that support and connect body structures, including tendons, fat, muscle, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels.

There are more than 50 types of soft tissue sarcomas, according to the American Cancer Society.

Because sarcomas can arise in any part of the body, symptoms may vary and often depend on the tumor’s size and location.

The first sign of sarcoma is usually a painless lump in the body that keeps growing. It may lead to asymmetric limb size/circumference, which can result in clothing fitting tightly on the involved limb or body part.

Symptoms may include:

• A lump under your skin that may or may not be painful
• Bone pain
• Pain and/or swelling in your arm or leg that gets worse at night
• Limited range of motion in an arm or leg
• A broken bone that occurs due to a minor injury or no injury at all
• Abdominal pain, unexplained weight changes, blood in stool/vomit, fatigue

Since sarcoma is rare, symptoms may be caused by other conditions. If you notice any unexplained growths, persistent pain or swelling, it is important to seek medical attention.

If sarcoma is suspected, your doctor will perform a physical exam and tests or procedures that may include blood work, imaging (such as X-ray, CT scan or MRI) and/or a biopsy of the tumor.

Sarcoma treatment requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to ensure the best possible outcome. At MultiCare Cancer Institute, you have access to a team of experts in orthopedic oncology, radiology, pathology, radiation oncology and medical oncology who collaborate on personalized treatment plans. This integrated approach enhances the likelihood of successful treatment and recovery, while also supporting you through your journey.

The role of orthopedic surgeons in sarcoma care

Orthopedic oncologists are specialized surgeons who manage both benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. They work closely with other cancer specialists and surgeons to create a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your specific condition.

Our surgeons perform various procedures, including:

• Surgical removal of tumors: The mainstay of sarcoma treatment is surgery to remove the tumor.
• Limb-sparing surgery: Whenever possible, our surgeons aim to save the affected limb, using techniques such as joint replacement, reconstructive surgery, size-specific implants, bone transport and muscle flaps.
• Prosthetics and rehabilitation: In cases where limb amputation or rotationplasty is necessary, prosthetics and physical therapy are provided to improve mobility and quality of life post-surgery.

Advances in sarcoma treatment

Recent advances in the field of orthopedic oncology have improved the ability to diagnose, treat and manage sarcoma more effectively. Innovations in imaging techniques, such as MRI and CT scans, allow for better visualization of tumors, aiding in more accurate diagnosis and surgical planning. Additionally, targeted therapies and immunotherapies are emerging as potential complementary treatments to traditional ones, offering hope for those with sarcomas that are resistant to standard chemotherapy.

If you or someone you know is facing a sarcoma diagnosis, it is essential to seek care from specialists who understand the complexities of these rare cancers. MultiCare Cancer Institute providers have the expertise to deliver advanced, compassionate care, helping people navigate both the physical and emotional challenges of sarcoma treatment.