Adrenal Disorders

Adrenal disorders affect the adrenal glands, which create steroid hormones and cortisol, most commonly known as the stress hormone. These hormones help control blood sugar levels, as well as aid in digestion, cardiovascular systems and response to stress.

Adrenal disorders, also called adrenal insufficiency, are rare but serious health conditions that affect the adrenal glands’ ability to create steroid hormones. There are two main types of adrenal insufficiency: primary and secondary.

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

Primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison’s disease, is a rare condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol. Most often, Addison’s disease affects cortisol production, but it can also affect the production of other steroids as well.

Most of the time, Addison’s disease is caused by an autoimmune disease that damages the adrenal glands, according to the In an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

Secondary adrenal insufficiency is more common and affects the pituitary gland. Normally, the pituitary gland tells the adrenal glands to create cortisol. In secondary adrenal insufficiency, this connection is interrupted and the adrenal glands do not get the signal to make the hormone.

Like Addison’s disease, secondary adrenal insufficiency may be caused by an autoimmune disorder. However, any condition that affects the pituitary gland may cause secondary adrenal insufficiency. In some cases, certain medications, surgery or radiation cancer treatments may cause secondary adrenal insufficiency.

• Decreased appetite or appetite changes
• Fatigue
• Low blood pressure, which can cause dizziness upon standing
• Muscle and joint pain and/or weakness
• Weight loss

If someone has an adrenal disorder, they may experience a potentially fatal medical emergency called adrenal crisis. This occurs when the body does not have enough cortisol. Adrenal crises are most common in people with primary adrenal insufficiency. That’s why you always need to wear a medical bracelet or tag if you have an adrenal disorder.. Learn the signs of adrenal crisis, so you can seek immediate treatment.

Symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain
• Confusion
• Diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting
• Dehydration
• Extreme weakness
• Fainting
• Low blood pressure

Adrenal disorders require regular monitoring and treatment with medication. In some cases, your medication may need to be adjusted during times of stress. Working closely with an endocrinologist helps ensure you receive the individualized treatment you need.